Checklist · World Bank
A short World Bank brochure listing the warning signs of fraud, corruption, collusion and coercion in procurement.
Our summary
This World Bank brochure lists indicators that a procurement process may be affected by fraud, corruption, collusion or coercion. It is short and practical — easy to share with procurement teams.
How auditors use it: as a quick checklist during procurement audits and tender reviews, and as awareness material for purchasing and finance staff.
The core EU law on public tenders, including mandatory exclusion of bidders convicted of corruption or fraud and rules on conflicts of interest — now under reform.
A practical World Bank handbook on spotting fraud and corruption red flags in public procurement.
A free, international tool for judging how strong a country's or entity's public procurement system is, including its integrity, audit and control arrangements.